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ORIJINAL ARAŞTIRMA

Türkiye’de Beyin Hasarlı Hastalara Bakım Veren Ebeveyn ve Eşlerin Yükü ve Duygudurumunu Araştıran Kesitsel Bir Çalışma: Kim Daha Çok Zorlanıyor?
A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating the Strain and Emotion of Parents and Spouses Caring for Brain Injured Patients in Türkiye: Who is Facing More Challenges?
Received Date : 14 Jan 2022
Accepted Date : 15 Sep 2022
Available Online : 20 Sep 2022
Doi: 10.31609/jpmrs.2022-88144 - Makale Dili: TR
J PMR Sci. 2023;26(1):18-26
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, beyin hasarı olan hastalara bakım veren ebeveyn ve eşlerin bakım yükü ve duygudurumlarını ortaya koymak ve karşılaştırmak hedeflendi. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel yapılan bu çalışmaya 58 beyin hasarlı hasta, bakım veren 27 ebeveyn ve 31 eş dâhil edildi. Hastaların demografik (yaş, cinsiyet, beden kitle indeksi, eğitim düzeyi, meslek ve medeni durum) ve klinik özellikleri (dominant el, olay süresi, etiyoloji, lezyon yeri), hastaya bakım veren eş ve ebeveynlerin demografik bilgileri (yaş, cinsiyet, beden kitle indeksi, eğitim düzeyi, meslek ve medeni durum, yakınlık durumu), hastayla birlikte geçirdiği vakit ve bakım verme süresi kaydedildi. Hastaların fonksiyonel durumu, ambulasyon seviyesi ve kognitif fonksiyonları sırasıyla Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık Ölçeği (FBÖ), Fonksiyonel Ambulasyon Skalası (FAS) ve Mini Mental Durum Testi ile ölçüldü. Bakım verenlerin yükü Bakım Verenin Stres Ölçeği (BVSÖ) ve duygudurumu Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Bakım yükü varlığı (BVSÖ≥7) ebeveynlerde %44,4 ve eşlerde %32,3 olarak tespit edildi. BVSÖ skoru açısından gruplar arasında farklılık yoktu (p>0,05) ancak BDÖ skoru ebeveynlerde anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p=0,020). Hastaların FBÖ-total, -motor ve -kognitif skorları ile eşlerin BVSÖ skorları arasında, hastaların FBÖ-motor ve FAS skorları ile ebeveynlerin BDÖ skorları arasında negatif ilişki saptandı. Eş bakım verenlerin yaşı ile BDÖ skorları, bakım verme süresi ile ebeveynlerin BVSÖ skorları negatif korelasyon gösterdi. Sonuç: Eş ve ebeveynler arasında bakım yükü açısından farklılık olmamakla birlikte ebeveynlerin depresif semptomları daha fazlaydı. Hastaların fonksiyonel bağımsızlığının artması eş bakım verenlerin yükü ve ebeveyn bakım verenlerin duygudurumu üzerine olumlu etkilidir. Yaş arttıkça eşlerin duygudurumları pozitif etkilenirken, bakım verme süresi arttıkça ebeveynlerin bakım yükü azalmaktaydı.
ABSTRACT
Objective: In this study, we aimed to reveal and compare the care burden and emotional states of parents or spouses who give care for their patients with brain injury. Material and Methods: Fifty-eight brain injury patients and their care givers (27 parents and 31 spouses) were included to this cross-sectional study. Demographic (age, gender, body mass index, education level, occupation and marital status) and clinical characteristics of the patients (dominant hand, duration of event, etiology, lesion site), demographic information of spouses and parents who care for the patient (age, gender, body mass index, education level, occupation and marital status, relationship), time spent with the patient and the duration of care were recorded. The functional status, ambulation level, and cognitive functions of the patients were measured with the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM), Functional Ambulation Scale (FAS), and Mini Mental State Test, respectively. The burden of caregivers was assessed with the Caregiver Stress Index (CSI) and the emotional status was assesed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: The presence of care strain (CSI≥7) was found to be 44.4% in parents and 32.3% in spouses. There was no difference between the groups in terms of CSI score (p>0.05), but BDI score was significantly higher in parents (p=0.020). A negative correlation was found between the FIM-total, -motor and -cognitive scores of the patients and the CSI scores of the spouses, and between the FIM-motor and FAS scores of the patients and the BDI scores of the parents. Age and BDI scores of the spouses, caregiving time and CSI scores of the parents were negatively correlated. Conclusion: Although there was no difference between spouses and parents in terms of caregiving burden, parents had more depressive symptoms. As the functional independence of the patients increased, the burden of care of the spouses decreased and the mood of the parents improved. As the age of spouses increased, the mood improved, while the burden of the parents decreased as the caregiving duration increased.
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