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Karpal Tünel Sendromunda Fizik Tedavi Modalitelerinde Güncel Konular: Bir Literatür Taraması
Current Issues in Physical Therapy Modalities in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Literature Review
Received Date : 27 Mar 2024
Accepted Date : 07 Oct 2024
Available Online : 14 Oct 2024
Doi: 10.31609/jpmrs.2024-103105 - Makale Dili: EN
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences. 2025;25(1):82-9
ÖZET
Karpal tünel sendromu (KTS), en sık görülen ve üzerinde en çok çalışılan sinir sıkışma sendromudur ve tüm kompresif nöropatilerin yaklaşık %90’ını oluşturur. Medyan sinirin dar bir alan olan karpal tünelden geçerken sıkışması sonucu oluşur. Günümüzde KTS için invaziv ve invaziv olmayan birçok tedavi önerilmektedir. İnvaziv tedaviler arasında cerrahi ve kortikosteroid enjeksiyonu yer alır. Bu güncel noninvaziv tedaviler arasında ise akupunktur, egzersiz ve mobilizasyon teknikleri, splintleme, ultrason tedavisi, ekstrakorporeal şok dalga terapisi [extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) ], düşük seviyeli lazer tedavisi, yüksek seviyeli lazer tedavisi, kinesiotaping ve kupa tedavisi yer almaktadır. Akupunktur ağrıyı, inflamasyonu, uyuşukluk hissini başarılı bir şekilde hafifletir ve motor becerileri geri kazandırır. Sinir kaydırma egzersizleri, tendonlar ve medyan sinir arasındaki yapışıklıkları önleyerek semptomları iyileştirir. Şok dalgaları (ESWT), enerji taşıyan ve dokular boyunca yayılabilen hızlı ancak kısa süreli akustik dalgalardır. Lazer tedavisi, biyolojik uyarıma veya inhibisyona neden olabilen bir fotobiyomodülasyon tedavisidir. Kinesiotaping, kan ve lenfatik akışı artırmak ve ağrıyı azaltmak için baskıyı hafifleten elastik bir bandajdır. Kupa terapisi, kan akışını iyileştirmek için hızlı, güçlü ve ritmik kuvvet uygulayan eski bir yöntemdir. Sonuç olarak; çeşitli konservatif tedaviler, hafif-orta dereceli KTS’li hastaların semptomlarını hafifletebilir ve fonksiyonel yeteneklerini geliştirebilir. Yukarıdaki yeni tedavi yöntemleri ve kombinasyonlarının KTS’de etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda hem optimal tedavi dozları hem de fizik tedavi yöntemlerinin uzun dönem sonuçları hala tam olarak bilinmemektedir.
ABSTRACT
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common and widely studied nerve entrapment syndrome, accounting for approximately 90% of all compressive neuropathies. It is caused by compression of the median nerve while it passes through the carpal tunnel, a limited space. Nowadays, many treatments are proposed for CTS, which can be categorised into two groups of invasive and non-invasive. The invasive treatments include surgery and corticosteroid injection of carpal tunnel. Current non-invasive treatments include acupuncture, exercise therapy and mobilization techniques, splinting, ultrasound, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), low-level laser therapy, high-power laser therapy, kinesiotaping and cupping therapy. Acupuncture successfully alleviates pain, inflammation, numbness, and restores motor ability. Gliding exercises improve symptoms by preventing, or stretching, the adhesions among the tendons and median nerve. Shockwaves (ESWT) are rapid but short duration acoustic waves that carry energy and can propagate through tissues. Laser therapy is a photobiomodulation intervention which may cause either biological stimulation or inhibition. Kinesiotaping is an elastic bandage that lifts up the skin, relieving compression to increase blood and lymphatic flow and reduce pain. Cupping therapy is an ancient method of applying quick, vigorous, rhythmic force for improving blood supply. As a result; Various conservative treatments can relieve symptoms and improve functional abilities of patients with mild-to-moderate CTS. The above new treatment modalities and combinations have proven effective in CTS. However, in studies, both the optimal treatment doses and the longterm results of physical therapy modalities are still not fully known.
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